TRANSPORT MECHANISM ON PLASMA MEMBRANE
1. Diffusion
Diffusion is the process of substance transfer from higher concentration solution (hypertonic) to lower concentration solution (hypotonic so that the concentration of both solution becomes equivalent (isotonic). Diffusion process is strongly affected by plasma membrane. Some ions and molecules, such as glucose, amino acid, fatty acid, and glycerol have slow rate of diffusion, while the electric charge molecule and dissolve lipid have faster rate.
2. Osmosis
2. Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water or solvent from hypotonic to hypertonic solution by passing through semipermeable membrane. Every living organism has semipermeable membrane system. Therefore, it is possible if osmosis always occurs in life system of organisms.
3. Active Transport
Actie transport is a transport mechanism that consumes energy for the movement of ions or molecules through plasma membrane The mechanism occurs from low consentration solution to high concentration solution. Active transport is influenced by electric charges inside and outside the cell. Electric charge of a cell is especially determined by natrium (Na), kalium (K), and chlor (CI) ions. The movement of natrium and kalium ions is conducted by sodium and potassium pump (Na and K pump) by using energy obtained from ATP The sodium-potassium pump moves Na ions from inside of the cell to the outside of the cell and moves on K from outside to the inside of the cell. The presence of ion K and Na in organism's body gives a great advantages, some of which are as follows :
3. Active Transport
Actie transport is a transport mechanism that consumes energy for the movement of ions or molecules through plasma membrane The mechanism occurs from low consentration solution to high concentration solution. Active transport is influenced by electric charges inside and outside the cell. Electric charge of a cell is especially determined by natrium (Na), kalium (K), and chlor (CI) ions. The movement of natrium and kalium ions is conducted by sodium and potassium pump (Na and K pump) by using energy obtained from ATP The sodium-potassium pump moves Na ions from inside of the cell to the outside of the cell and moves on K from outside to the inside of the cell. The presence of ion K and Na in organism's body gives a great advantages, some of which are as follows :
- The high concentration of K ions is very important in synthesis protein, glycolysis, photosynthesis, and other vital processes.
- Na+ and K ions play role in controlling osmosis.
- Na+ and K ions are necessary to accelerate active transport for other substances, Le. glucose and amino acid.
The example of active transport through plasma membrane is glucose transport. The substance is carried actively by cell through protein membrane by using activated energy. The energy is resulted from ATP breaking down producing ADP phosphate group, and energy. The energy obtained is used to bind phosphate group to glucose to form phosphate glucose compound. The last compound is the one that is able to pass through plasma membrane because it binds the activated energy.
4. Endocytosis and Ectocytosis
Endocytosis is a process to put in substances through membrane, while ectocytosis is put out substances through membrane a process to the process mostly occurs in unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, paramecium, and certain cells of vertebrate (white blood cells). Endocytosis animal cels put in food matter, or white occurs when blood cells capture germs (phagocytosis). Ectocytosis in cytoplasm is usually conducted by some organelles, vacuole or granule. Ectocytosis occurs when cells excrete waste or secrete, the examples are gland cells or secretion cells
4. Endocytosis and Ectocytosis
Endocytosis is a process to put in substances through membrane, while ectocytosis is put out substances through membrane a process to the process mostly occurs in unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, paramecium, and certain cells of vertebrate (white blood cells). Endocytosis animal cels put in food matter, or white occurs when blood cells capture germs (phagocytosis). Ectocytosis in cytoplasm is usually conducted by some organelles, vacuole or granule. Ectocytosis occurs when cells excrete waste or secrete, the examples are gland cells or secretion cells
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